What Was the Golden Horde

The Golden Horde was the group of settled Mongols who ruled over Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, and the Caucasus from the 1240s until 1502. The Golden Horde was established by Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, and subsequently a part of the Mongol Empire before its inevitable fall.   The Golden Hordes name Altan Ordu, may have come from the yellow tents used by the rulers, but nobody is sure about the derivation. In any case, the word horde entered many European languages through Slavic Eastern Europe as a result of the Golden Hordes rule. Alternate names for the Golden Horde include the Kipchak Khanate and the Ulus of Jochi—who was the son of Genghis Khan and the father of Batu Khan. Origins of the Golden Horde When Genghis Khan lay dying in 1227 he divided his Empire into four fiefdoms to be ruled by the families of each of his four sons. However, his first son Jochi had died six months earlier, so the westernmost of the four khanates, in Russia and Kazakhstan, went to Jochis eldest son, Batu.   Once Batu had consolidated his power over the lands conquered by his grandfather, he gathered his armies and headed west to add further territories to the realm of the Golden Horde. In 1235 he conquered the Bashkirs, a western Turkic people from the Eurasian borderlands. The following year, he took Bulgaria, followed by southern Ukraine in 1237.  It took three years additional years, but in 1240 Batu conquered the principalities of Kievan Rus—now northern Ukraine and western Russia. Next, the Mongols set out to take Poland and Hungary, followed by Austria. However, events back in the Mongolian homeland soon interrupted this campaign of territorial expansion. In 1241, the second Great Khan, Ogedei Khan, suddenly died. Batu Khan had been busy besieging Vienna when he received the news; he broke the siege and began to march east to contest the succession. Along the way, he destroyed the Hungarian city of Pest and conquered Bulgaria. Succession Issues Although Batu Khan had begun to move toward Mongolia so that he could participate in the  kuriltai  that would select the next Great Khan, in 1242 he stopped. Despite polite invitations from some of the claimants to Genghis Khans throne, Batu pled old age and infirmity and refused to go to the meeting. He did not want to support the top candidate, wanting instead to play king-maker from afar. His refusal left the Mongols unable to select a top leader for several years. Finally, in 1246, Batu relented and delegated a younger brother as his representative. Meanwhile, within the lands of the Golden Horde, all the senior princes of the Rus swore fealty to Batu. Some of them were still executed, however, like Michael of Chernigov, who had killed a Mongol envoy six years previously. Incidentally, it was the deaths of other Mongol envoys in Bukhara that touched off the entire Mongol Conquests; the Mongols took diplomatic immunity very seriously indeed. Batu died in 1256, and the new Great Khan Mongke appointed his son Sartaq to lead the Golden Horde. Sartaq promptly died and was replaced by Batus younger brother Berke. The Kievans (somewhat unwisely) seized this opportunity to rebel while the Mongols were embroiled in succession issues. The Golden Age However, by 1259 the Golden Horde had put its organizational issues behind it and sent a force to offer an ultimatum to the rebellious leaders of cities such as Ponyzia and Volhynia. The Rus complied, pulling down their own city walls—they knew that if the Mongols had to take down the walls, the population would be slaughtered. With that clean-up accomplished, Berke sent his horsemen back into Europe, re-establishing his authority over Poland and Lithuania, forcing the king of Hungary to bow before him, and in 1260 also demanding submission from King Louis IX of France. Berkes attack on Prussia in 1259 and 1260 nearly destroyed the Teutonic Order, one of the organizations of German knightly Crusaders. For the Europeans who lived quietly under Mongol rule, this was the era of the Pax Mongolica. Improved trade and communications routes made the flow of goods and information easier than ever before. The Golden Hordes justice system made life less violent and dangerous than before in medieval Eastern Europe. The Mongols took regular census counts and required regular tax payments, but otherwise left the people to their own devices so long as they did not try to rebel. Mongol Civil War and Decline of the Golden Horde In 1262, Berke Khan of the Golden Horde came to blows with Hulagu Khan of the Ikhanate, which ruled over Persia and the Middle East. Berke was emboldened by Hulagus loss to the Mamluks at the Battle of Ain Jalut. At the same time, Kublai Khan and Ariq Boke of the Toluid line of the family were fighting back east over the Great Khanate. The various khanates survived this year of warfare and chaos, but the Mongol disunity on display would signal increasing problems for the descendants of Genghis Khan in the coming decades and centuries. Nonetheless, the Golden Horde ruled in relative peace and prosperity until 1340, playing different Slavic factions off of one another to divide and rule them. In 1340, a new wave of deadly invaders swept in from Asia. This time, it was fleas carrying the Black Death. The loss of so many producers and taxpayers hit the Golden Horde hard. By 1359, the Mongols had fallen back into dynastic squabbles, with as many as four separate claimants vying for the khanate simultaneously. Meanwhile, various Slavic and Tatar city-states and factions began to rise up again. By 1370, the situation was so chaotic that the Golden Horde lost contact with the home government in Mongolia. Timur (Tamerlane) dealt the tottering Golden Horde a crushing blow in 1395 through 1396, when he destroyed their army, looted their cities and appointed his own khan. The Golden Horde stumbled on until 1480, but it was never the great power it had been after Timurs invasion. In that year, Ivan III drove the Golden Horde from Moscow and established the nation of Russia. Remnants of the horde attacked the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland between 1487 and 1491 but were soundly thrashed. The final blow came in 1502 when the Crimean Khanate—with Ottoman patronage—sacked the Golden Hordes capital at Sarai. After 250 years, the Golden Horde of the Mongols was no more.

Women s Impact On Women - 1406 Words

It is in human nature to procreate. However, in the years before hospitals and physicians, women were forced to give birth within the confines of their homes with the help of midwives. Midwives were people who had been through what the soon-to-be mother has been through. This changed when midwives gave way to physicians who spent their lives studying all the ins and outs of childbirth. Physicians were strictly men at the time, and it was recently that women became physicians as well. This caused much controversy because men did not know what it was like to be pregnant or to give birth so they could not relate to the women screaming and writhing in the hospital beds. Although both parties knew what to do in adverse situations, physicians were considered optimal because of their college degrees. Regardless, women now had a choice between the two. Early on, childbirth put the mother in danger, and there were no drugs to tranquilize or numb the pain of natural childbirth. After births be gan to move to the hospital, opiates were given to the patients to numb the pain, but this did not lower the death rate of both mothers and their newborns. It took many years after unnatural childbirth for mothers to be certain that they would not die due to childbirth. This is why mothers would have so many children during the earlier times of childbirth. Oftentimes, around half of the newborn babies would die as well as the mother herself. As long as the women have sufficient information aboutShow MoreRelatedWomen s Impact On Women1305 Words   |  6 PagesFrom its beginning childbirth had been a thing between women. Childbirth as a social event created an impenetrable support system of women rooted in the common song between those who give birth. Before the medicalization of childbirth, women knew a more autonomous procedure. Why did men decide that childbirth needed them? Almost instinctually, I believe that men saw the power of a united female population and trembled in its wa ke. The same way that white men trembled in the eye of flourishing blackRead MoreWomen s Impact On Women1407 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrepancy is due to women taking extensive time off due to caring for children. Ultimately, what this study shows is that men who have children do not earn any less because of it. Yet women who have children, who work in the same fields as these men, do suffer. Research done in countries with paid maternity leave, and American companies who offer paid leave, show that when women have access to paid maternity leave, a year later they work more with higher earnings. Women who would like to workRead MoreWomen s Impact On Women1023 Words   |  5 Pageshistories progression in the 1970’s, women have had very limited chances, if any, through time towards their Intelligence worth and educations claim. Adrienne Rich’s delivered speech in 1977 at the assembly of Douglas College Entitled â€Å"Claiming an Education† aggressively appro ached towards female students by urging them to change their mindset, breaking free off taboo, sexist stereotypes, and the feminine inferiority mindset, even though her speech was geared towards women, any gender, especially formsRead MoreWomen s Impact On Women Essay2266 Words   |  10 PagesThe 1800’s redefined who, what, and how women would continue to be represented in the United States. Prior to this era women’s roles in America were very limited; women had to abide by laws such as coverture. Men were the dominating force in social events, political events and in the economy. Nonetheless, women continued to fight these injustices and set multiple milestones during the 1800’s and the 1900’s. Several significant people and movements would attribute to these noteworthy milestones thatRead MoreWomen s Impact On Women2986 Words   |  12 Pagesonly made history but have produced consequences that women today have to face in their day to day lives. Not only were women used and seen as properties and commodities, but society made some of their experiences to be remembered and carried on by other women throughout history in a negative way. Butler, Goldman, Perkins Gilman and Hartmann explore women in the areas of prostitution, disease, economic status and medical treatment to prove that women are being treated as property in both the role ofRead MoreWomen And Women s Impact On Society1417 Words   |  6 Pagesalso been instances in history where men and women embodied specific roles in their relationships and households. During in the 1800’s, women were expected to be the caretakers of the home, to produce children, to never really have professional jobs of their own, and to do as they were told by their husband. During this time men were the leading figure of â€Å"dominance† in the household due to their social and professional images. The freedoms that women have today were basically as far out of sightRead MoreWom en s Impact On Society1054 Words   |  5 Pages Women have been a key part in United States history since the beginning, whether that means in economics, politics, or the social sphere. Women have continually been put below men as the â€Å"second sex.† However, without women every aspect of American life would be different. Women play a crucial role in consumerism, reform, and culture, which are all main parts of United States domestic life. A lot of women unintentionally participate in consumer culture and economics daily. In early America, womenRead MoreWomen s Impact On Young Girls And Adult Women1438 Words   |  6 Pages Having insecurities and flaws impacts almost anyone and also commonly on young girls and adult women. Many people think that having insecurities is just a phase that every young teen goes through that will eventually turn into confidence, but that isn’t always the case. Many women struggle daily with the way their appearances and even try to seek for approval as a way to boost their confidence. In today’s society, majority of young adults especially women are constantly on social media, lookingRead MoreWomen s Impact On Society2931 Words   |  12 PagesMary Astell was primarily known for her impact on the role of women in society, her views on education, religious views, and her ideas of reason and the nature of man. During Astell’s time, men believed that women were infe rior; in addition they believed that women were only put on earth to bear her children and take care of the children while managing the household. Because women were considered inferior, they were not given the same jobs or life opportunities as men had received, and thereforeRead MoreWomen s Right s Movement And Its Impacts887 Words   |  4 PagesThe Women’s Right’s Movement and Its Impacts Susan B Anthony, one of the first women to participate in the women s right movement said â€Å"I declare to you that woman must not depend upon the protection of man, but must be taught to protect herself, and there I take my stand.† For a long time women were seen as inferior to men. They weren t capable of the things that men were. They were expected to stay in the household and tend to the children. They were subjects to their own oppression and for a

Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay - 1122 Words

Analysis of the Epic of Gilgamesh The epic of Gilgamesh is the earliest primary document discovered in human history dating back to approximately 2,000 B.C.E. This document tells a story of an ancient King Gilgamesh, ruler of Sumer in 2,700 B.C.E. who is created gloriously by gods as one third man and two third god. In this epic, Gilgamesh begins his kingship as an audacious and immature ruler. Exhausted from complaints, the gods send a wild man named Enkidu to become civilized and assist Gilgamesh to mature into a righteous leader. However, Enkidus death causes Gilgamesh to realize his fear of immortality and search for an escape from death. On his journey, Gilgamesh learns that the gods will not grant his wish and that he must†¦show more content†¦The author is praising Gilgamesh’s leadership by communicating his intellectual capabilities deserve respect. This, shows that ancient Mesopotamians believed that part of a great ruler’s value was revealed in t heir advanced intellectual capacities. The epic reveals that ancient Mesopotamia understood that the basis of a monarch’s legitimacy relied on the respect he carried for not only the beings whom he rules and those who rule over him, but also his knowledge. The epic gives insight to the ways in which ancient Mesopotamians valued life. This becomes most obvious when Enkidu reveals to Gilgamesh his nightmare of the dark and enslaving afterlife as he is dying (The Epic of Gilgamesh, 2). This leaves Gilgamesh with extreme terror of death which provokes his desperate attempts to escape it. Giving death fearful and dark characteristics communicates that the afterlife is a harrowing experience and life is the individual’s harmonious experience. This serves to establish that ancient Mesopotamians sensed that life was something to be cherished and conceived of in a positive light. In addition, Mesopotamian life views are also illustrated when Gilgamesh must accept that he wi ll not receive his requests for immortality from the gods (The Epic of Gilgamesh, 2). This suggests Mesopotamian society believed wise men should be grateful for their destiny and that he or she should not reach beyond what they are given. In doing so, thisShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Analysis1436 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh –Summary and analysis Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is an excerpt of the original text of the Epic listed in the Sources of the Western Tradition, 5th edition, by Perry, Peden and Von Laue (2003). The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of King Gilgamesh who is the powerful king of Uruk, the incidents in his life, the associations he makes, the encounters he has, and the transition that occurs in his life in relation to his gainingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a story of heroes fighting a war not in a battlefield but within their own selves and amongst each other, struggling with their own emotions and attributions to attain the best version of themselves and to fulfill the utmost quest of life. With the use of two very different yet so similar characters: Enkidu and Gilgamesh, the epic explains two aspects of same psyche, and different imageries, one of which is door, have been used in the text to explain interactions betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of The E pic Of Gilgamesh Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesHERE As readers delve into the depths of The Epic of Gilgamesh, they perceive the allure to dreams which has captivated humanity for centuries. The epic poem uses dreams as a symbolic representation of the human mind and its ceaseless bounds. Given the Mesopotamian culture’s importance in regards to their religion, dreams provide the only means of one connecting with their future and deities. Furthermore, each mental fantasy referenced within the epic delineates the rationale of all beings to actRead MoreEpic Of Gilgamesh Literary Analysis1837 Words   |  8 Pagesmortality, divinity, punishments are told through stories of individuals and societies. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian book that was written long before the Bible. A comparison of the literary elements show several similarities that lead many religious and cultural scholars, as well as historians to contend that the accounts in the Old Testaments were derived from the Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh and Bible were both written as sources of moral messages for religious practices and guidesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is a very popular epic that is difficult to understand at first, which is why there is different translations of the same book. Although Foster and Sander’s translations have a lot of similar words and the stories are basically the same, there are also a lot of differences between the two. One of which is more straightforward and easier to understand, whereas the other is more of an in depth thoughtful read for the reader. Both translations differences have their own particularRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1449 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is a bully king who frightens and annoys the people of Uruk. After the gathering with Enkidu and becoming his friend does Gilgamesh transform, into a hero worthy of history. The brotherly or â€Å"bromantic† ( considering the questionable relationship they have) love the two have for each other helps Gilgamesh become an better leader to his people by permitting him to better understand and identify with them. Even though the myth of Gilgamesh is very ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh tells the legend of King Gilgamesh of Uruk and his adventures with the feral human Enkidu. At the beginning Gilgamesh shares a lot of similarities to Egyptian Pharaohs. He’s worshiped by his people in a way that’s almost pious and holds himself up with a certain arrogance. The only difference with Gilgamesh is he is one part deity and two parts human. Over the coarse of the Epic we see Gilgamesh’s demeanor change to a more humble one. This change can be attributed to the trialsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 738 Words   |  3 PagesBaily Broussard Mr. Guidry World History 4 December 2015 The Epic of Gilgamesh In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh terrorizes the people or Uruk. Because of this, they call out to the sky god Anu for help. Anu decides to turn to the goddess of creation, Aruru whom makes an equal for Gilgamesh. Aruru created Enkidu to be just like Gilgamesh and for them to contend together and leave Uruk in quiet. When Gilgamesh got up and went to the house of a bride waiting for the bridegroom, Enkidu stepped outRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1284 Words   |  6 PagesPerhaps one of the earliest pieces of literature, The Epic of Gilgamesh is a tale about a Mesopotamian king named Gilgamesh who crudely dominates the natural world surrounding his gleaming society. Juxtaposing Gilgamesh’s godlike stature, Enkidu is a wild beast used to counterbalance the king in a literary sense. The hierarchical dichotomy expressed in the epic has appeared thematically within numerous mediums, including the revered artwork of Jean-Michel Basquiat. Raised in the Lower East Sid e (LES)Read MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1119 Words   |  5 PagesTranslation Comparison Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh has been read and reviewed/ critiqued by numerous authors. I took the articles’ ‘Angiology in the Epic of Gilgamesh’ by Th. Jacobson, and compared it to Benjamin Fosters ‘A New edition of the Epic of Gilgamesh’ These two articles both critique the writings of The Epic of Gilgamesh but in different ways. Foster’s article is a critique on a critique that has been written about The Epic of Gilgamesh, where as Jacobson critiques the epic itself, so we are

Total Quality Management for Education- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTotal Quality Management for Education and Training. Answer: MAIN LEARNING POINTS (limit your answer to the required space) Summarize the paper highlighting the main points. (in 1 page) The report mainly discusses about the link between the human resource management practices and the total quality management in the organizations. It has been analyzed in the report that births of these approaches are strategic in nature and are aligned with the organizational strategies of the company. Some of the HR related functions has been discussed that directly linked with TQM. These practices are HRM planning, employee engagement, performance management, education and training, wellbeing and morale and communication. There are four areas of SHRM that is strategic human resource management which is linked with the elements of TQM. The first one is work organizations. In this area, the focus of SHRM is on flexibility and team based working and TQM also values team work and flexibility. Planning and staffing is the next area that has been discussed. The other two areas are training and development and performance appraisal and remuneration. It has been concluded firm the discussi on that there are many similarities are wells as contradiction in TQM and human resource management. The actual differences lies in the area of performance related pay and performance appraisal but all the other similarities overlaps these differences. CRITICAL ANALYSIS (limit your response to the required space) Do you disagree with any of the paper parts? Why? (in page) As far as the overall paper is considered, it has been analyzed that every point that has been discussed in the paper makes sense but only a single point that is related to the contradiction between TQM and performance appraisal and pay does not supported by my agreement. This is because, according to my knowledge, it is the performance appraisal method or the process that suggest that whether quality has been focused or not (Nirmala Faisal, 2016). It cannot be made a general statement that both these statements are not linked or are not aligned together. In fact, if the organization makes the performance appraisal on the basis of quality as well as quantity than the employees will also focus on delivering quality work? Are the study methodology and its findings applicable to other or all industries? Why? (in page) According to my study, it has been analyzed that there are two companies or cases that has been discussed. One is the company called Tubemakers that operates in many industries such as Structural and Engineering, Fluid Conveyance, Precision Products and Industrial Merchandising while Coastline is the company that operates in manufacturing industry. It has been identified that both of the companies have almost similar theories and practices when the HRM and TQM is considered. There were not wide differences. This suggests that the findings of the study can be implied on any of the industry because HRM focuses on people and every industry is dependent on its human resources. TQM focuses on quality of work they provide and every industry wants to provide quality products and services (Youssef, Youssef Ahmed, 2014). It is just the matters of the elements involved otherwise; all the policies have similar basis in terms of HRM and TQM in each and every industry (Yang Yang, 2013). Practical Implications (in one page) Do you think that this study is appropriate for the GCC region? Why? GCC is the region that includes six states in it. It has been analyzed that it is a need f hour for that region to develop their human resources working in their companies. As far as the findings of this research are considered, it is related to the linkage between total quality management and the HRM practices. Various studies have argued about the bad HR practices of GCC region which are being imported from other places (Attafar, Shahin Kheradmandnia, 2016). The region needs to develop their own national resources by providing them skills so that they do not have to look for other areas for the skilled employees. This study is partially appropriate of the GCC region because it is the study that can be implied in the companies of GCC region only when the company recruited the skilled labor and focus on developing the quality of the resources they are hiring (Izvercian, Radu, Ivascu Ardelean, 2014). The implications of this study in GCC region companies have a futuristic concern an d thus its not fully appropriate. Future Directions (in one page) What will you do to take this research a step further? As far as this research is considered, it has been analyzed that this paper clearly identifies the differences and the similarities between Human resource management practices and the total quality management concepts. The analysis of this research can be used to further analyze the integrated practices that can be used by the organizations in order to attain the quality and the quantity of work from the employees by practices those integrated policies in the company. This research suggests that TQM is very much linked with the human resource practices in the company thus, different industries can be selected in the further research to analyze the similar objective in those industries to identify whether it is same for other industry as well or not. Difference between the linking pattern in HRM and TQM in different industries can also be analyzed (de Menezes Wood, 2015). References: Attafar, A., Shahin, A., Kheradmandnia, M. (2016). The impact of TQM practices on organizational learning case study.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,33(5), 574-596. de Menezes, L. M., Wood, S. (2015, August). Quality Management, Job-related Contentment and Performance: an empirical analysis of British workplaces. InEvidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship(Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 106-129). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Izvercian, M., Radu, A., Ivascu, L., Ardelean, B. O. (2014). The impact of human resources and total quality management on the enterprise.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,124, 27-33. Nirmala, B. P., Faisal, A. M. (2016). A literature review of TQM and HRM for identification of appropriate critical success factors (CSFs).IJAR,2(7), 742-745. Yang, C. C., Yang, K. J. (2013). An integrated model of the Toyota production system with total quality management and people factors.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries,23(5), 450-461. Youssef, E. M., Youssef, M. A., Ahmed, A. M. M. (2014). Total quality management intensity and its impact on HRM practices in manufacturing firms.International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,13(4), 495-512.